A $45,000 purchase with a $25,000 rehab in a working-class block is a real deal. It is frequently a better deal, on a return basis, than the $400,000 project three towns over.
It is also the deal most lenders will not touch, and the reason has nothing to do with the property, the borrower, or the margin. It is fixed cost.
The arithmetic nobody explains
| Loan size | Fixed closing costs | As a share of the loan |
|---|---|---|
| $50,000 | ~$3,000 to $5,000 | 6% to 10% |
| $200,000 | ~$3,000 to $5,000 | 1.5% to 2.5% |
| $500,000 | ~$3,000 to $5,000 | 0.6% to 1% |
The dollar figure barely moves. The percentage is the whole story.
Originating a loan costs a lender roughly the same whether the loan is $50,000 or $500,000. The title work is the same work. The legal is the same legal. The valuation is the same valuation. The underwriting hours are broadly identical, and on a small distressed property they are frequently greater, because those are exactly the properties with an unreleased mortgage from 1998 and an estate that never closed.
The revenue, meanwhile, scales with the loan. Two points on $500,000 is $10,000. Two points on $50,000 is $1,000.
Faced with that, most lenders do the rational institutional thing and set a floor. A hundred thousand dollars is common. Some sit higher. The floor is not a judgement about small deals, it is a decision that small deals are not worth the operational overhead of an organisation with a credit committee, a processing department, and a servicing team.
That logic holds for an institution. It holds much less for one person.
Where my floor sits, and why
$25,000.
A sole operator has a genuinely different cost structure. There is no committee to convene, no analyst queue, no file passed between four departments. The overhead that makes a small loan uneconomic for a national lender mostly does not exist here, so the floor can sit where the deals actually are rather than where the process is comfortable.
There is a second reason, less about economics. In this region a great many of the best available deals for a working investor are small ones. A lender who will not write below six figures has excluded most of the inventory that a first or second time investor can realistically buy, and then wonders why their borrowers are all institutional.
What is genuinely different about a small loan
Not the requirements. The same list applies: the deal, the exit, your money in it, reserves, and honesty about experience.
What differs is that the fixed costs land harder, and pretending otherwise would be dishonest.
Title, recording, lender's legal and a valuation might total $3,000 to $5,000. On a $400,000 loan that is around 1% and barely registers. On a $50,000 loan it is closer to 8%, and it has to come out of a margin that is smaller in absolute terms. Points behave the same way: the percentage is identical, the cushion absorbing it is not.
The consequence is not that small deals do not work. It is that small deals have almost no tolerance for a budget that was optimistic. On a $400,000 project a $15,000 overrun is a bad month. On a $70,000 all-in project it can be the entire profit.
How to underwrite a small deal properly
Put the fixed costs in from the start. Not as a percentage. As the actual dollar figures, because they will not scale down with your purchase price. This is the single most common modelling error on small deals.
Be more accurate on the rehab, not less. The instinct on a small project is to estimate loosely because the numbers are small. It is exactly backwards: the smaller the margin in absolute dollars, the less room a wrong number has to hide. Itemise by trade and keep a real contingency, as covered in rehab cost per square foot.
Check the ARV against the block, not the town. Small-dollar markets are street-by-street in a way that mid-priced suburbs are not. Two identical houses six blocks apart can differ by forty percent, and an appraiser will know that even if your comparable search did not. The method is in how to calculate ARV.
Watch the carry as a share. The monthly carry on a small property is small in dollars and large as a percentage of the profit. Four extra months on a thin deal is the deal.
Do not stretch the timeline to save money. Small projects are often bought by investors doing some of the work themselves to protect the margin. That trade is frequently a loss once the extra months of interest, taxes and insurance are counted. Price your own time honestly, then decide.
When a small deal genuinely does not work
Being straight about it: if the all-in cost including fixed closing costs, points, a realistic carry and selling costs consumes most of the spread, the answer is that the deal is too thin, not that you need a cheaper lender. Small deals have the least margin for error, and cheap money does not rescue a marginal one.
The 70% rule is a useful first screen here, with the caveat that it behaves differently at the bottom of the price range, because the fixed costs it assumes away are proportionally much larger.
Before you send it
Run the numbers with the real closing costs in them rather than a percentage. The deal calculators will price the carry across a realistic hold.
When it clears, send it over. $25,000 to $1M+, written terms in 24 to 48 hours, and a small deal gets the same straight answer as a large one.